PP2 does not recognize every possible COBOL variable declaration as valid for use in a SQL statement. The table that follows lists the equivalent COBOL definitions for database data types.
For types that have no direct COBOL declaration, runtime processing allows the return of data to one of the other types. Level numbers are only examples.
The COBOL repetition factor syntax is used for the picture specification characters in the examples (that is, X(m), 9(x)), but the actual number of characters also can be used (for example, X(3) = XXX).
With COBOL, host variables can start with a numeric, but when referenced, require a colon in front.
This provides a distinction between a numeric constant and the host variable name.
| Data Type | Declaration | Compilers | Notes (following table) |
|---|---|---|---|
| BYTE | No direct equivalent | All | 1 |
| VARBYTE | No direct equivalent | All | 1 |
| CHAR(m) | 01 identifier PIC X(m). |
All | 2 |
| VARCHAR(m) | 01 identifier 49 identifier PIC [S]9(4). [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]. 49 identifier PIC X(m) |
All except MF1 and MF2 | 2, 3, 11 |
01 identifier 49 identifier PIC [S]9(4) [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-4. 49 identifier PIC X(m) |
All but MF1, MF2, and LPI | ||
01 identifier 49 identifier PIC [S]9(4). [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-5. 49 identifier PIC X(m) |
MF1 and MF2 | ||
01 identifier 49 identifier PIC [S]9(4) BINARY. 49 identifier PIC X(m) |
All except MF1 and MF2 |
||
| TIME | 01 identifier PIC X(m) |
15 | |
| TIMESTAMP | 01 identifier PIC X(m) |
16 | |
| DATE | 01 identifier PIC S9(m) [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]. |
All | 4, 5 |
01 identifier PIC S9(m) [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-4. |
All except LPI | ||
01 identifier PIC S9(m) [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-5. |
MF1 and MF2 | ||
01 identifier PIC S9(m) [USAGE [IS]] BINARY. |
All | ||
| DECIMAL(m,n) | 01 identifier PIC S9(m-n)V9(n) [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-3. |
All | 2, 6 |
01 identifier PIC S9(m-n)V9(n) [USAGE [IS]] PACKED-DECICMAL. |
All | ||
| NUMERIC(m,n) | 01 identifier PIC S9(m-n)V9(n) [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-3. |
All | 2,6 |
01 identifier PIC S9(m-n)V9(n) [USAGE [IS]] PACKED-DECICMAL. |
All | ||
| FLOAT* | 01 identifier [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-1. |
All except MF1 and MF2 |
7 |
| REAL* | 01 identifier [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-1. |
All except MF1 and MF2 | 7 |
| DOUBLE PRECISION* | 01 identifier [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-1. |
All except MF1 and MF2 | 7 |
| FLOAT** | 01 identifier [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-2. |
All except MF1 and MF2 |
7 |
| REAL** | 01 identifier [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-2. |
All except MF1 and MF2 | 7 |
| DOUBLE PRECISION** | 01 identifier [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-2. |
All except MF1 and MF2 | 7 |
| BYTEINT | 01 identifier PIC S9(m)[v9(n)] [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]. |
All | 8 |
01 identifier PIC S9(m)[v9(n)] [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-4. |
All except LPI | ||
01 identifier PIC S9(m)[v9(n)] [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-5. |
MF1 and MF2 | ||
01 identifier PIC S9(m)[v9(n)] [USAGE [IS]] BINARY. |
All | ||
| SMALLINT | 01 identifier PIC S9(m)[v9(n)] [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]. |
All | 9 |
01 identifier PIC S9(m)[v9(n)] [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-4. |
All except LPI | ||
01 identifier PIC S9(m)[v9(n)] [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-5. |
MF1 and MF2 | ||
01 identifier PIC S9(m)[v9(n)] [USAGE [IS]] BINARY. |
All | ||
| INTEGER | 01 identifier PIC S9(m)[v9(n)] [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]. |
All | 10 |
01 identifier PIC S9(m)[v9(n)] [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-4. |
All except LPI | ||
01 identifier PIC S9(m)[v9(n)] [USAGE [IS]] COMP[UTATIONAL]-5. |
MF1 and MF2 | ||
01 identifier PIC S9(m)[v9(n)] [USAGE [IS]] BINARY. |
All | ||
| GRAPHIC(m) | 01 identifier PIC G(m) [USAGE [IS] ] DISPLAY-1 |
All | 12 |
| VARGRAPHIC (m) | 01 identifier.
49 identifier PIC S9(4) <comp>
49 identifier PIC G(m)
[USAGE [IS] ] DISPLAY-1
|
All | 12, 13 |
| ZONED DECIMAL(m,n) | 01 identifier PIC S9(m-n)V9(n)
[USAGE [IS]] DISPLAY
|
All | 14 |
01 identifier PIC S9(m-n)V9(n)
[USAGE [IS]] DISPLAY SIGN LEADING
|
All | ||
01 identifier PIC S9(m-n)V9(n)
[USAGE [IS]] DISPLAY SIGN TRAILING
|
All | ||
01 identifier PIC S9(m-n)V9(n)
[USAGE [IS]] DISPLAY SIGN LEADING
SEPARATE
|
All | ||
01 identifier PIC S9(m-n)V9(n)
[USAGE [IS]] DISPLAY SIGN TRAILING
SEPARATE
|
All |
** double precision
Notes
- Data can be returned to any valid host variable, although PP2 performs no data conversion.
- The integer m must be positive.
- Multiple PIC X(m) fields can be declared following the COMP field; COMP field should be set to the length used, not to exceed the total length of the PIC X fields.
Level 49 identifiers can be coded as FILLER.
- For MF1, the integer m must be positive such that 7 ≤ m ≤ 9. Otherwise, the integer m must be positive such that 5 ≤ m ≤ 9.
- The database normally returns a DATE type field as an integer.
It is possible to return the value in character string format, as long as the length of the receiving field is sufficient.
The DATEFORM=ANSIDATE format returns the DATE type field as CHAR (10).
- Integer n must be positive; if n is zero, the V9(n) portion may be omitted.
- A PICTURE clause may be included in the definition.
PP2 ignores the PICTURE clause.
- m and n are positive integers such that 1≤ (m+n) ≤ 2.
The value is treated as BYTEINT without scalar for MF1 and SMALLINT without scalar for all other COBOL compilers.
- m and n are positive integers such that 3 ≤ (m+n) ≤ 4. The value is treated as SMALLINT without scalar.
For COBOL II applications that must assign a value greater than 9999 to a SMALL INTEGER, PP2 provides an assembler routine, PPRMVHW, to move the value.
The routine expects two parameters as input:
The field to contain the value and an integer field which contains the value to assign.
As an example,77 Field1 PIC S9(4) COMP. 77 FIELD2 PIC S9(9) COMP VALUE +32000. CALL ’PPRMVHW’ USING FIELD1, FIELD2.FIELD1 receives the value +32000 upon return from PPRMVHW.
- For MF1, the integer m must be positive such that 7 ≤ m ≤ 9.
Otherwise, the integer m must be positive such that 5 ≤ m ≤ 9.
The value is treated as INTEGER without scalar.
- For LPI, the first level 49 field (length subfield) must be named if the varying character host variable is defined within a structure.
- The integer “m” is the number of graphic characters (not bytes) and must be positive. If “m” is not specified, a default of GRAPHIC(1) is used.
- Multiple PIC G(m) fields may be declared following the COMP field; the COMP field should be set to the length used, not to exceed the total length of the PIC G(m) fields. Level 49 identifiers may be coded as FILLER.
- The integers m and n must be positive, and m must be greater than n.
This is a COBOL specific host data type, described here for documentation purposes only.
If n is 0, omit the V9(n) portion.
- For TIME, the length of the char identifier should be 15.
- For TIMESTAMP, the length of the char identifier should be 35.