The SQLSTATE and SQLCODE variables are documented in Teradata Vantage™ - SQL Data Manipulation Language, B035-1146.
SQLSTATE is an ANSI standard, 5 character string value logically divided into a 2 character class and a 3 character subclass.
SQLSTATE is defined as:
Definition: 01 SQLSTATE PIC X(5);
A SQLSTATE and a SQLCODE variable can be defined for the same compilation unit. Both contain valid result codes.