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- upper(character_string_expression)
- DESCRIPTION:
Function returns a character string identical to character_string_expression,
except that all lowercase letters are replaced with their uppercase equivalents.
PARAMETERS:
character_string_expression:
Required Argument.
Specifies a ColumnExpression of a string column or a string literal
to be converted to uppercase.
Format of a ColumnExpression of a string column: '<dataframe>.<dataframe_column>.expression'.
NOTE:
Function accepts positional arguments only.
EXAMPLES:
# Load the data to run the example.
>>> load_example_data("dataframe", "admissions_train")
>>>
# Create a DataFrame on 'admissions_train' table.
>>> admissions_train = DataFrame("admissions_train")
>>> admissions_train
masters gpa stats programming admitted
id
22 yes 3.46 Novice Beginner 0
36 no 3.00 Advanced Novice 0
15 yes 4.00 Advanced Advanced 1
38 yes 2.65 Advanced Beginner 1
5 no 3.44 Novice Novice 0
17 no 3.83 Advanced Advanced 1
34 yes 3.85 Advanced Beginner 0
13 no 4.00 Advanced Novice 1
26 yes 3.57 Advanced Advanced 1
19 yes 1.98 Advanced Advanced 0
>>>
# Example converts strings in "stats" column to uppercase.
# Import func from sqlalchemy to execute upper function.
>>> from sqlalchemy import func
# Create a sqlalchemy Function object.
>>> upper_func_ = func.upper(admissions_train.stats.expression)
>>>
# Pass the Function object as input to DataFrame.assign().
>>> df = admissions_train.assign(upper_stats_=upper_func_)
>>> print(df)
masters gpa stats programming admitted upper_stats_
id
13 no 4.00 Advanced Novice 1 ADVANCED
26 yes 3.57 Advanced Advanced 1 ADVANCED
5 no 3.44 Novice Novice 0 NOVICE
19 yes 1.98 Advanced Advanced 0 ADVANCED
15 yes 4.00 Advanced Advanced 1 ADVANCED
40 yes 3.95 Novice Beginner 0 NOVICE
7 yes 2.33 Novice Novice 1 NOVICE
22 yes 3.46 Novice Beginner 0 NOVICE
36 no 3.00 Advanced Novice 0 ADVANCED
38 yes 2.65 Advanced Beginner 1 ADVANCED
>>>
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